Extra Column Dispersion

Introduction

Sources of Extra Column Dispersion

Dispersion in the Sample Valve

Dispersion in Connecting Conduits

Dispersion from Unions and Frits

Dispersion in the Volume of the Detector Sensor

Dispersion in Contemporary LC Columns

Dispersion in Contemporary GC Columns

Maximum Permissible Extra Column Dispersion

GC Capillary Columns

LC Sample Valves

Dispersion in Tubular Conduits

Low Dispersion Connecting Tubes

Serpentine Tubes

Dispersion in Unions and Stainless Steel Frits

Dispersion in the Detector Sensor Volume

The Effect of Viscous Flow on Dispersion in a Detector Sensor

Dispersion in Detector Sensors Due to Newtonian Flow

Apparent Dispersion� from Detector Sensor Volume

Dispersion Due to Detector Electronics Response Time

Low Dispersion Gradient Elution Apparatus

Rapid Separations Employing Gradient Elution

Chromatographic Apparatus for Trace Analysis

The Determination of Trace Organic Materials in Water

The Use for Low Dispersion Instrumentation with Small Bore Columns to Obtain Ultra High Efficiencies.

Separations on Small Bore Columns 2m Long

References